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Optimization Results #3 from history

19 periods (9.5h)

Site ConfigurationBESS + Generation + Demand

Grid AccessFull Grid Access

Objective📈 Maximize Profit

SolverMILP (HiGHS)

Time HorizonIntraday

Scenarios3 price scenarios

Commit Window9.5h

TimezoneEurope/Bucharest

Validation✓ No simultaneous chg/dis

📊 Results Explained

The optimizer produced a dispatch schedule with a net cost of €1,015.99 over 19 periods (9.5h). This occurs when the site has demand that must be served, and battery operation reduces but cannot eliminate grid import costs.

Compared to operating without the battery, this schedule delivers €2,303.77 in savings (69.4%). This is the direct financial value the BESS adds to the project.

Method comparison: 5 optimization methods were tested. MILP (HiGHS) achieved the highest revenue at €-1,015.99, while Rule-Based (Benchmark) returned €-2,941.81 — a gap of €1,925.82.

Mathematical optimization (MILP) outperformed the naive rule-based strategy by €1,925.82. This demonstrates the concrete financial value of using optimization over simple threshold-based dispatch.

Method Comparisonⓘ

Method	Category	Net Revenue	vs Best	Solve Time	Status
MILP (HiGHS)ⓘ	exact	€-1,016	🏆 Best	0.01s	✓
Model Predictive Controlⓘ	exact	€-1,116	+9.8%	0.03s	✓
Robust Optimizationⓘ	robust	€-1,692	+66.6%	0.01s	✓
Dynamic Programmingⓘ	exact	€-2,136	+110.2%	0.04s	✓
Rule-Based (Benchmark)ⓘ	benchmark	€-2,942	+189.6%	0.0005s	✓

Scenario Analysisⓘ Showing: MILP (HiGHS)

Revenue Confidence Band

▼

€-1,248

Worst Case

◆

€-1,016

Base Case (60%)

▲

€-784

Best Case

Scenario	Net Result	Export Rev	Ancillary	DR Savings	Import Cost	Degradation	Weight
▲ Best Case	€-784	+€117	+€845	+€259	−€1,952	−€53	20%
◆ Base Case	€-1,016	+€131	+€845	+€293	−€2,231	−€53	60%
▼ Worst Case	€-1,248	+€145	+€845	+€326	−€2,510	−€53	20%

Revenue BreakdownShowing: MILP (HiGHS)

How the €-1,016 "With Battery" result breaks down

Revenue Streams

Export Revenue

+€131

Ancillary (FCR+FFR)

+€845

DR Savings

+€293

Grid Import Cost

−€2,231

Degradation

−€53

Net Result

Revenue

Costs

€-1,016

Scheduling Horizon

Intraday

Today 03:05→23:59

€-1,016

Net Result

Periods

€2,304

Savings (69.4%)

11.6 MW

Peak Import

Charts

Model: Overlay all models

🔋 Battery PerformanceMILP (HiGHS)

Revenue & Value

Battery Impactⓘ ▲ €2,304

Trading P&Lⓘ €774

Degradationⓘ −€53

Trading

Avg Spreadⓘ €17.94/MWh

Buy / Sellⓘ €40 / €58

Charged / Dischargedⓘ 2.6 / 15.0 MWh

Usage & Health

Eq. Cyclesⓘ 0.29

Throughputⓘ 17.5 MWh

Cycle Depthⓘ 53.6%

Active Timeⓘ 31.6%

Time & Status

Chg / Dis Hoursⓘ 0.5h / 2.5h

Idle / Offlineⓘ 6.5h / 0.0h

SOH / Tempⓘ 96.5% / 24.9°C

⚡ Grid & Demand Response

Cost & Revenue

Export Revenueⓘ +€131

Import Costⓘ −€2,231

DR Savingsⓘ €293

Grid Usage

Peak Import / Exportⓘ 11.6 / 3.1 MW

DR Activatedⓘ 14p (11.0 MWh)

📡 Ancillary Services

Revenue

Total Ancillaryⓘ +€845

FCR Revenueⓘ +€587

FFR Revenueⓘ +€258

Commitment

FCR Committedⓘ 17p (8.5h)

FFR Committedⓘ 14p (7.0h)

Avg MWⓘ FCR 4.5 / FFR 3.7

Avg Priceⓘ €14 / 8/MW·h

Capacity Alloc.ⓘ 81.5%

⚡ Grid Constraints & Network Charges

Capacity Chargeⓘ€15.0/MW/mo

Import Limitⓘ200.0 MW

Export Limitⓘ200.0 MW

Buy Price Rangeⓘ€40.44 — 60.96/MWh

Sell Price Rangeⓘ€40.44 — 60.96/MWh

🔧 Input Parameters (from file)

Battery Capacity30.0 MWh

Max Charge10.0 MW

Max Discharge10.0 MW

Roundtrip Efficiency91% (piecewise-linear)

Soc Range10% – 90%

Initial Soc60%

Degradation Cost€2.5/MWh (cycle + calendar)

Self Discharge0.1%/day

Ramp RateUnlimited

Warranty CyclesUnlimited

Warranty ThroughputUnlimited

Risk ToleranceOff

Market TypeSingle wholesale

Solar8.0 MW

Wind0.0 MW

Detailed ResultsShowing: MILP (HiGHS)

CHARGE 2026-02-15T03:30 → 2026-02-15T03:30 0.5h · 1p €-206

Charged

2.5 MWh

Grid Import

5.79 MWh

Avg Price

€40/MWh

SOC

68.3% → 68.3%

Charge 5.0 MW from grid @ €40/MWh

IDLE 2026-02-15T04:00 → 2026-02-15T07:30 4.0h · 8p €-800

Grid Import

25.51 MWh

Curtailed

2.35 MWh

Avg Price

€50/MWh

SOC

68.3% → 68.5%

Import 6.6 MW from grid

DISCHARGE 2026-02-15T08:00 → 2026-02-15T09:30 2.0h · 4p €119

Discharged

12.45 MWh

Grid Import

2.46 MWh

Grid Export

1.55 MWh

Curtailed

3.3 MWh

Avg Price

€60/MWh

SOC

59.6% → 23.7%

Discharge 5.0 MW to demand @ €61/MWh | Curtail 1.5 MW demand | Import 1.6 MW from grid

IDLE 2026-02-15T10:00 → 2026-02-15T12:00 2.5h · 5p €-193

Charged

0.1 MWh

Grid Import

11.57 MWh

Curtailed

4.5 MWh

Avg Price

€49/MWh

SOC

23.7% → 24.0%

Curtail 1.8 MW demand | Import 5.5 MW from grid

DISCHARGE 2026-02-15T12:30 → 2026-02-15T12:30 0.5h · 1p €65

Discharged

2.5 MWh

Grid Export

0.68 MWh

Curtailed

0.85 MWh

Avg Price

€54/MWh

SOC

15.0% → 15.0%

Discharge 5.0 MW to demand @ €54/MWh | Curtail 1.7 MW demand

Time (Europe/Bucharest)ⓘ	Actionⓘ	Gen MWⓘ	Dem MWⓘ	Curt MWⓘ	Priceⓘ	Chg MWⓘ	Dis MWⓘ	SOC%ⓘ	Grid Inⓘ	Grid Outⓘ	FCR MWⓘ	FFR MWⓘ	Imp €ⓘ	Exp €ⓘ	Batt €ⓘ	Anc €ⓘ	Net €ⓘ	Signalⓘ
2026-02-15 03:30	Charge 5.0 MW from grid @ €40/MWh	0.0	6.39	0.0	40.44	5.0	0.0	68.3%	11.58	0.0	5.0	0.0	234.18	0.0	-101.1	35.33	-206.42	CHARGE
2026-02-15 04:00	Import 6.6 MW from grid	0.0	6.44	0.0	47.04	0.0	0.0	68.3%	6.63	0.0	5.0	5.0	156.01	0.0	0.0	57.3	-98.74	IDLE
2026-02-15 04:30	Import 6.6 MW from grid	0.0	6.37	0.0	46.78	0.0	0.0	68.3%	6.56	0.0	5.0	5.0	153.46	0.0	0.0	41.48	-112.01	IDLE
2026-02-15 05:00	Import 6.6 MW from grid	0.0	6.42	0.0	51.37	0.0	0.0	68.6%	6.61	0.0	5.0	5.0	169.84	0.0	0.0	52.08	-117.79	IDLE
2026-02-15 05:30	Import 6.6 MW from grid	0.0	6.39	0.0	49.74	0.0	0.0	68.6%	6.58	0.0	5.0	5.0	163.69	0.0	0.0	49.1	-114.61	IDLE
2026-02-15 06:00	Curtail 1.0 MW demand \| Import 5.6 MW from grid	0.0	6.36	1.0	48.35	0.0	0.0	68.6%	5.55	0.0	5.0	5.0	134.19	0.0	0.0	50.08	-72.05	IDLE
2026-02-15 06:30	Curtail 1.1 MW demand \| Import 6.0 MW from grid	0.42	7.31	1.1	47.6	0.0	0.0	68.6%	6.01	0.0	5.0	5.0	143.02	0.0	0.0	39.78	-90.18	IDLE
2026-02-15 07:00	Curtail 1.2 MW demand \| Import 6.4 MW from grid	0.93	8.3	1.2	56.86	0.0	0.0	68.5%	6.42	0.0	5.0	5.0	182.49	0.0	0.0	66.62	-98.83	IDLE
2026-02-15 07:30	Curtail 1.4 MW demand \| Import 6.7 MW from grid	1.52	9.3	1.4	51.68	0.0	0.0	68.5%	6.66	0.0	5.0	5.0	172.07	0.0	0.0	57.9	-96.1	IDLE
2026-02-15 08:00	Discharge 5.0 MW to demand @ €61/MWh \| Curtail 1.5 MW demand \| Import 1.6 MW from grid	2.27	10.1	1.5	60.96	0.0	5.0	59.6%	1.63	0.0	5.0	0.0	49.77	0.0	152.4	42.98	8.49	DISCHARGE
2026-02-15 08:30	Discharge 9.9 MW to grid @ €61/MWh \| Curtail 1.6 MW demand	2.83	10.9	1.6	60.85	0.0	9.9	41.6%	0.0	3.11	0.1	0.0	0.0	94.59	301.26	0.59	104.55	DISCHARGE
2026-02-15 09:00	Discharge 5.0 MW to demand @ €57/MWh \| Curtail 1.8 MW demand \| Import 2.0 MW from grid	3.27	11.75	1.8	57.15	0.0	5.0	32.6%	2.03	0.0	5.0	0.0	58.1	0.0	142.88	31.6	-8.35	DISCHARGE
2026-02-15 09:30	Discharge 5.0 MW to demand @ €59/MWh \| Curtail 1.7 MW demand \| Import 1.3 MW from grid	3.9	11.51	1.7	59.06	0.0	5.0	23.7%	1.26	0.0	5.0	0.0	37.07	0.0	147.65	33.72	14.19	DISCHARGE
2026-02-15 10:00	Curtail 1.8 MW demand \| Import 5.5 MW from grid	4.8	11.74	1.8	55.38	0.0	0.0	23.7%	5.49	0.0	5.0	5.0	152.08	0.0	0.0	55.5	-71.68	IDLE
2026-02-15 10:30	Curtail 1.8 MW demand \| Import 4.8 MW from grid	5.52	11.75	1.8	52.7	0.0	0.0	23.7%	4.78	0.0	5.0	5.0	125.91	0.0	0.0	43.95	-58.27	IDLE
2026-02-15 11:00	Curtail 1.8 MW demand \| Import 4.8 MW from grid	5.72	11.78	1.8	40.95	0.19	0.0	24.0%	4.8	0.0	5.0	4.81	98.35	0.0	-3.79	63.92	-16.3	IDLE
2026-02-15 11:30	Curtail 1.8 MW demand \| Import 3.7 MW from grid	6.66	11.77	1.8	44.46	0.0	0.0	24.0%	3.66	0.0	5.0	5.0	81.43	0.0	0.0	44.48	-16.97	IDLE
2026-02-15 12:00	Curtail 1.8 MW demand \| Import 4.4 MW from grid	6.14	12.0	1.8	53.9	0.0	0.0	24.0%	4.42	0.0	5.0	5.0	119.14	0.0	0.0	64.75	-30.16	IDLE
2026-02-15 12:30	Discharge 5.0 MW to demand @ €54/MWh \| Curtail 1.7 MW demand	6.37	11.38	1.7	53.86	0.0	5.0	15.0%	0.0	1.35	0.0	5.0	0.0	36.32	134.65	13.62	65.26	DISCHARGE
TOTALS						5.2	29.9		90.7	4.5			2231	131	774	845	-1016